Causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of juvenile dermatomyositis in adults and children

Severe progressive systemic disease that affects the skin and the microcirculatory vessels is juvenile dermatomyositis. the Main direction of propagation of the disease is considered to be a children's group till 16 years of age. The beginning of the development most often refers to the age from 4 to 10 years. Most often disease affects teenage girls.

the Problem of juvenile dermatomyositis

Unlike adult dermatomyositis is a disease of the frequent failure of internal organs, development of calcification, severe pain in the muscles. The cause of the disease doctors believe the effects of environmental factors and genetic susceptibility of individual categories of people. The pathogenesis of the disease, including mechanisms of emergence currently has no clear definition.

Symptoms disease

Dermatomyositis is a disease that is characterized by inflammation in the smooth muscle that trigger violation of motor function of the affected muscles. The main symptoms of the disease:

  • weakness
  • fever
  • loss of appetite
  • skin lesions, leading to weakness in the shoulder and hip muscles;
  • damage to internal organs.

Temperature in juvenile dermatomyositis

In the early stages of the disease is manifested only muscle and cutaneous symptoms. The disease has two options. In one case it may develop rapidly and sharply. In the other case – slow to grow in the next few weeks and even months. The manifestation of muscle weakness in the disease is demonstrated difficulties when getting up from a chair or bed, when boarding the transport, climbing stairs. Observed pain in the muscles. It can sometimes be broken it.

When the skin lesions demonstrates a heliotropic rash that is localized in the cheekbones, nose, nasolabial folds, chest and upper back. You may experience peeling and rash over the small joints of the hands, above the elbow and knee joints. Unpleasant sensations on the skin can be redness, flaking, cracks on the palms, dilation of capillaries, fotodermatit, swelling around the nails. Skin manifestations can be disseminated in the region of the scalp.

The Observed weakness of the respiratory muscles often results in prerequisites for the development of pneumonia and rapidly progressing pulmonary fibrosis. One of the dangerous symptoms is joint damage, which manifests itself in the form of non-erosive arthritis of small joints of the hands and heart damage, leading to disruption of its rhythm and cardiomyopathy. Rare may be cases of kidney failure, which are expressed in renal failure.

Loss of appetite in juvenile dermatomyositis

The progression of the disease can cause such symptoms as dryness of mucous and also cause a spastic reaction of the small blood vessels of the fingers when cold or emotional stress, which is manifested by redness of the skin.

The Main symptom of the disease, which is not expressed outwardly, and occurs only after an accurate diagnostic tests blood, is the lack of specific antibodies.

It is Worth noting that the disease has two forms. At first the disease occurs due to attack of virus or genetic predisposition. The disease manifests itself after the stress and colds. The second form of the disease – polymyositis, characterized by lesions of the muscle groups, with brightly pronounced symptom of the disease, in addition to muscle weakness.

People who contact patients with dermatomyositis, fearing for the health of their loved ones, are wondering whether the illness is contagious? The answer to this question lies in the causes of a manifestation of the disease. If a patient has no external symptoms in the form of a rash, the cause of the disease can be any infectious disease which in itself is contagious. The manifestation of the disease in the form of common cold symptoms can also cause infection viral bacteria, and even airborne droplets.

General weakness in juvenile dermatomyositis

Diagnostic pathology

The Main diagnosis gives a full clinical picture of the disease only after laboratory studies in which important indicator is the blood test. Can be alarming indicators:

  • increased the content of CPK, MB fraction, ALT, AST;
  • increased concentration of creatinine and urea;
  • observed accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate;
  • musicprincessxoxo and antisynthetase antibodies.

The Main method to confirm muscle damage and destination in the future for effective treatment is electroneuromyography, through which the doctors can rule out or confirm neurological pathology. MRI and spectroscopyare sensitive techniques to detect inflammation in the muscles. ECG helps to determine the heart rhythm and make the correct diagnosis.

blood work in juvenile dermatomyositis

With the help of x-ray examination of the lungs, doctors can detect it at early stages of disease development of basal pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis. Biopsy of muscle tissue is essential to clarify the causes of dysphagia – difficulty swallowing. A very important point in the diagnosis, despite the presence of certain symptoms, is the need to exclude cancer process. This is supported by the use of mamograghia, EGD, ultrasound of pelvis and colonoscopy.

treatments and drugs

Classifications dermatomyositis origin is divided into:

  • idiopathic – primary;
  • secondary, tumor
  • child of juvenile.

The nature of the flow, the disease may be acute, subacute and chronic. Depending on the stage of development of physicians appointed appropriate therapeutic measures.

After the diagnosis, doctors choose methods of treatment of disease, the basis of which the choice falls on the use of glucocorticoids, the dose immediately reduce their positive dynamics. Widely used pulse therapy is rarely effective, so it is used only in the development of heart failure and alveolitis – inflammation in the hole.

MRI in juvenile dermatomyositis

Treatment of juvenile dermatomyositis in the early stages brings a more favorable prognosis.

For the treatment of illness used the following drugs:

  • Prednisolone;
  • Metilprednizolon;
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Cyclosporine
  • Methotrexate;
  • Hydroxychloroquine
  • Immunoglobulin.

The Use of drugs, such as Cyclophosphamide when fibrosis of the lungs and in other cases, Methotrexate is administered with lack of effective hormonal therapy. Supportive therapy using low dosages immunomoduliruta drugs. The use of Immunoglobulin allows to overcome the inefficiency of standard therapy. If the diagnosis revealed severe disease patients, prescribe plasmapheresis is a blood purification.

In Any case, at all stages of the disease not to self-medicate. It can cause complications that brings great harm to health. Only under the supervision of a physician-rheumatologist possible favorable treatment for the disease.

medical

Treated juvenile dermatomyositis, not only with drug therapy. As remission of symptoms by the doctors is assigned to moderate exercise, therapeutic exercise. Massage can be applied when do not have all the symptoms of the disease, and completely removed the inflammatory process in the muscles.

When remission conduct rehabilitation therapy in specialized sanatoriums where patients are offered a wide range of physiotherapeutic activities – sulfide, radon baths and brine. For children there is a more gentle variant of physiotherapy developed in accordance with the age peculiarities of the organism and the nature of the disease.

Child dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis in children is manifested as the result of infectious diseases, hepatitis b, influenza, infectious diseases intestinal. Juvenile dermatomyositis may occur because of vaccinations done. The cause of the disease the child may be hypothermia, allergic reactions to certain medications, on the basis of immune disorders that occur in the body. Some of the symptoms of the disease manifested as a result of genetic predisposition of the child.

The Manifestation of the disease has complex clinical picture.

Often seen the symptom can be muscle pain, swelling of the skin and dermatological skin lesions.

Prednisone for the treatment of juvenile dermatomyositis

This is idiopathic dermatomyositis, in which the characteristic symptoms. With the untimely and ineffective treatment of the disease can become chronic, which increases the pain even at rest.

The Children's organism is very sensitive to different kind of drugs, so their selection is carried out only with the direct participation of the doctor-rheumatologist and infectious disease specialist. Before treatment, the doctor conducts a diagnosis to determine the cause of the disease and after that appoints therapy.

Treatment of dermatomyositis in children can be performed folk remedies. The main result of their use is eliminated the symptoms of pain. The affected muscles rest and provide affect nociceptors warming compresses, which should have only dry heat. This can be a warm woolen scarf.

Using oils of cinnamon, lavender and rose have been great during a massage. The sore spots can be rubbed specially prepared ointment on a natural basis, consisting of 4 parts butter to 1 part horsetail powder. The prepared mixture is rubbed into sickplace, cover it with foil, heat wrap and not removed within a few hours. Better procedure is done for the night.

Lavender oil for the treatment of juvenile dermatomyositis

Good effect and give the leaves and buds of willow, of which prepare a healing potion. One tablespoon of buds of willow poured a half a liter of boiling water. The mixture infuse for an hour. To make infusion as a compress on affected skin.

Althaea officinalis can be prepared by the above method and used in the form of lotions.

The Use of folk remedies is not a panacea for the fight against the disease. Only integrated use of all methods of treatment can provide the desired effect in the victory over the disease.

Prevention of disease

People who have someone in the family has problems with systemic disease of the connective tissues, it is necessary to use measures to address the risk factors leading to disease development. Primary prevention is aimed at identifying the disease and immediate treatment. Physical exertion, exposure to active solar rays must be kept to a minimum. Parents of young children, at-risk, should carefully check the quality of the vaccines and follow the rules of vaccination.

In the process of prevention must adhere to special diets and monitor consumption of vitamin-rich fruits and vegetables. Taking care of your health is a serious work, capable with the right approach permanently eliminate severe and dangerous diseases, which include dermatomyositis.