The main factors of the formation of bedsores, their stage of development and the most frequent localization

Factors leading to the formation of pressure ulcers can vary. This is a particular problem for bedridden patients and those who cannot move. Addressed specific causes and places of possible localization. On this basis, been allocated to brief advice.

At what stage begin to form bedsores? What characteristics can be identified? The answers to these questions can be found below.

Introduction

Sores or ulcers appear from the constant pressure on certain areas of the skin. It begins to slowly break and deform. To negative changes tend both muscular and bone structure.

Such injuries begin to form due to prolonged compression and tension. As a result begins to develop ischemia – a condition characterized by the deterioration of blood flow.

If the ischemia persists for more than 2 hours, it starts tissue necrosis, that is death. The affected area begins to degenerate exponentially. This process is the "engine" formed bedsores, because they are formed quickly, it is necessary to follow.

The Degree of injury may vary from a persistent form of erythema to the necrosis that affects the skin, separate the muscle groups, tendons and bones. Places formation decubitus may depend on the current situation that the patient is taking.

If it is in the supine position (on your back), prone – heels, sacrum, elbows, neck and shoulder. If he sits, places the formation of pressure ulcers can vary. For example, foot, shoulder blades and ischial tuberosity.

Were the factors leading to the formation of unwanted pressure ulcers: excessive compression, excessive friction and the bias force.

The Pressure increases under the action of own body mass. Tissues begin to be squeezed, and the diameter of vessels begins to decrease. The result of this process may be ischemia – tissue begin to receive less nutrients.

Excessive pressure may intensify as a result of bed linen, tight bandages and dressings.

Bias power, a process that characterizes the destruction of or damage to the tissue under indirect pressure. The reason for this phenomenon may be the displacement of the entire bearing surface. Starts reducing the micro-circulation in certain parts and tissues gradually begin to die. The displacement of the tissue may occur at a time when the patient "moves" from the bed or Vice versa reaches for the headboard.

The Next stage of education should consider the influence of the last component of friction, which may enhance detachment of the outer layer of the skin and lead to the expression of the affected areas.

Friction begins to increase in the case of hydration. This condition is observed in patients suffering from urinary incontinence, increased sweating and dressed in linen, which absorbs water poorly.

The First sign that signals the beginning of the development of pressure ulcers – redness. This process helps the doctor determine the areas of skin that are most susceptible to bedsores.

the Main stage of formation of pressure sores

The Symptoms of the disease can progress rapidly and eventually deteriorate. Modern medicine distinguishes 4 basic stages of education, each of them has a number of distinctive features:

1. Stage takes place without damage to the skin. Separate areas of the skin begin to animationname scales covered with red. The affected area has a distinct pain syndrome, the place itself is hot. In patients with darker skin detection problems may take a long time.
2. Stage can be characterized by a primary injury of the dermis. It is possible to diagnose the presence of RAS pinkish and separate nonviable tissue, which over time may acquire a yellowish tint.
3. the Stage at which begin a complete loss of skin in certain areas, the appearance of deep wounds deepening. This might involve subcutaneous fat. The muscles and tendons weakly palpated. The depth of the recess may vary. In addition, it can damage tissue surrounding the affected area.
4. the Final stage in which you can diagnose failure, which may reach the bone. The muscles begin to get undressed and bone become visible. The crater of the wound covers a dark crust, which consists of necrotic tissue. The depth can be different. Everything will depend on the current location of the lesion and the total thickness of the skin.

To assess the current condition of the patient, it is sometimes necessary preliminary purification of the crater from the scab. If the sore looks like a dark red or brown spot, then we can talk about deepthe extent of damage.

It is Better to prevent the problem at the stage of its inception. Knowing the basic stages described above, it is possible to minimize the potential risk of problems.

Literature:

1. Krutko D. T., Popova E. V. n. "Technique of therapeutic and diagnostic procedures in therapy", PL. 2008

2. Matveev, V. F., "Fundamentals of medical psychology, ethics and deontology", M. 1984.

3. Murashko M. A. "General patient care", M. "Medicine", 1988