How is polio from the oral vaccine vaccinated child to unvaccinated?

nowadays, not all know how polio is transmitted and what disease is. The causative agent of the disease is intestinal virus, which penetrates through the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestine into the spinal cord that disrupts its operation, leading to paralysis. It is worth noting that get infected by the virus is possible even from a vaccinated child, although this is rare.

The Active phase of the virus life takes place in the water where he is able to survive up to 100 days. So much does he persist in milk. Most favorable for environment – waste water, where it can live for up to six months. The causative agent of poliomyelitis is withstand low temperatures, dryness, boiling, irradiation with ultraviolet rays and chlorine exposure.

pathogenicity Factors of virus

The Main attack exposed the spinal cord, where the virus changes the composition of gray matter, affecting neurons and leading to inflammation. As a result, disturbances in the motor system and the gradual degeneration of the limbs. Especially difficult the disease occurs in children, significantly slowing down their development. At risk – children under 11 years, but the frequency of new infections are in children up to 5 years. The disease more often affects boys than girls. However, they can become infected and an adult, if it is not inculcated in childhood or since last vaccine was a lot of time. Can be infected pregnant women and athletes whose permanent overload weakens the body's ability to resist the virus and aggravate the disease.

Man is the only carrier of the disease. The virus infects primates, but only if they specifically infect, the source of infection they can not be.

The Virus has no territorial preferences, the outbreak may start in the metropolis and in the countryside. Death occurs rarely, usually in case of defeat of the respiratory system.

modes of transmission of polio

The Source of infection is the person in the active phase of the disease, i.e. The one which ended the incubation period. The maturation and formation of the virus occurs in the respiratory tract within 50 hours after entering the human body. with the Period of greatest activity in the host organism is accounted for 14-17 days after infection, after 3 weeks the person is no longer contagious to others.

The Virus can be transmitted to humans via food – contaminated vegetables, milk, water and it is considered to be the main way. While in the house of polio, the child can get infected through toys or items of care. You can also get infected through contaminated water, especially if you've got pieces of faeces. While on the skin, the virus itself does not cause the disease, but it is worth it to get on the mucous membranes, e.g. lips, as he immediately enters the body and begins to develop. You can pick up the virus by airborne droplets, although the probability of this is negligible.

Parents are often concerned about whether their baby can get infected from a vaccinated child?

Some time after vaccination had indeed been a release into the environment of the vaccine strains, but the likelihood of infecting other children is not more than 5% and is severely weakened immunity.

But even if all factors come together and the infection occurred, it most likely will take their course asymptomatically or in the form of conventional SARS.

As for the possibility of infection after vaccination, the risk is much lower than the risk of getting sick as a result of vaccination refusal. The vast majority of cases, vaccination against polio is a no-brainer.

Factors leading to infection:

• eating unwashed or poorly washed fruits and vegetables;
• contaminated drinking water
• disregard for the rules of hygiene.

Once ingested, the virus first nests in the mucosa of the nasopharynx, where gradually penetrates into the cavity of the intestine. About a week later he is in the blood, which carries it on all tissues and organs. Thus, the virus hijacks the entire body. Then, in small vessels or peripheral nerves it reaches its final destination – the Central nervous system.

The Spread of the polio virus in the human body may be interrupted at any moment. The body may begin producing antibodies that inhibit its development, and the further course of the disease may occur without any symptoms.

Methods of diagnosis

To Detect latent polio is possible only after carrying out a series of tests that confirm the presence of antibodies to the virus or detect it. However, there are severalindirect signs, which with high probability can indicate that a person with polio is contagious and he:

1. Difficulty in flexion of the legs at a right angle at knees and hips.
2. tilt the head forward there is a reduction of the extremities.
3. When moving one leg bends the other – this symptom indicates not only that the virus is in the body, but that he is developing quite rapidly.
4. If a person is difficult to get the chin to the chest, there is reason to suspect brain damage. If a strong inflammation of the head is constantly thrown back. This is a symptom of a severe but treatable form of polio.

To ensure patients are isolated in hospital and used inactivated or live vaccine. To minimize the risk of spread of polio from the media, the hospital stay must be at least 1.5 months. However, the effects of the disease can be observed even after tens of years, for example, progressive weakness in muscles. To avoid that, in any case should not abandon preventive vaccination, especially for children.