Features of vaccination against poliomyelitis live oral vaccine

The Live polio vaccine contains attenuated causative agent of the disease. Polio is a serious infectious disease caused by one of 3 types of the polio virus. It is characterized by a large number of clinical manifestations that can masquerade as other diseases. What complications can be? What are the contraindications to this vaccine?

Vaccination to prevent polio

General information about the infection

The Disease is divided into paralytic and polio nephrolithiasis. A particular danger to the child's body is just a nerve, because it can cause a paralysis of different muscle groups, which further can lead to disability or death.

This problem was widespread in the 19th century. A significant reduction of morbidity was observed after the invention of live vaccines. In our time, this disease affects people of the Middle East, Asia, India, Africa. The largest outbreak in recent years was observed in Tajikistan.

To carry out comprehensive prevention of disease, use of OPV (oral polio vaccine). Over the years clinical trials it has proven to be safe. OPV gives the minimum number of complications.

But even if the vaccine is considered safe, there are cases of vaccine associated polio – diseases, symptoms of which resembles polio, but its cause is vaccinated strain. Clinical manifestations are similar, so doctors have difficulty. An unvaccinated child gets to group of risk, as the reported type of the disease can develop only them.

Observance of rules of personal hygiene to reduce the risk of Contracting polio

In the case of the introduction of two injections of inactivated vaccine, the likelihood of occurrence and development of vaccine-associated polio is reduced to zero. In many countries the vaccination is done according to a specific calendar. It is advisable to conduct periodic revaccination, and the introduction of touring vaccines that block the spread of the disease. The vaccine consists of live virus Sabin strains of polio 3 types. The cultivation happens on a kidney culture of African green monkeys. Unvaccinated child needs the vaccination, average prevention period is from 3 months to 14 years.

What should I do?

The instruction may vary depending on the type of vaccine administered. The initial dose is approximately 4 drops (0.2 ml) is injected into the body by mouth. The bottle that holds the OPV has a volume of 5 ml (25 doses). He has a special tube. For vaccination it is necessary to use a special dropper or a disposable syringe, which will allow to gain the desired amount of drug. If the intake of the vaccine with the help of the syringe, the shelf life of the vial may reach 5-6 months.

The Main method of administration is oral. An unvaccinated child should swallow the whole input volume of the liquid. Before the vaccination the doctors do not recommend consuming food or drinking water. If you do not follow the instructions, you can expect deactivation of the vaccine. The positive effect from such a vaccine will not. Any other way besides oral, is absolutely contraindicated.

Rash is a side effect from vaccination

vaccination Scheme

The Primary vaccination consists of 3 main and 2 booster vaccine doses. Administration scheme is as follows:

  1. Introduction first.
  2. Introduction of a second, is held within 45 days after the first injection of the vaccine.
  3. Introduction of a third, is held in 45 days after the second phase.

The vaccine Used has no age bindings, it is only important to observe the indicated timing of vaccination. If the deadlines for any reason extended, the vaccination is not renewed. In case of violation of conditions of the immune defense of the organism may become receptive to the components of the preparation.

Complications are not observed if the interval between the 3rd and 4th vaccination lasts 3 months. OPV can be used with any other vaccines. They have no effect on the immune system. During pregnancy it is possible to observe the lower tolerance of the individual components.

Side effects after vaccination are rarely observed. Some patients may be predisposed to allergic reactions to the main components. Skin rash or urticaria may occur in 2% of patients.

Side effects from vaccine administration are virtually absent. Vaccinated individual can experience allergic complications in the form of a rash type hives. A rarity – the occurrence of vaccine-associated polio, which can develop in vaccinated and those who had been in constant contact with them.

To reduce circulation andto minimize the risk of developing the disease, it is necessary to follow all the prescribed hygienic rules. Must be treated regularly clothes, underwear, personal hygiene items. In some cases, there is a need for isolation of the patient for a specified period.

Literature:

1. D. Murray. Infectious diseases in children. – M: Practice, 2006. – Pp. 148-150, 597-603. – 928 p – 5000 copies – ISBN 5-89816-075-2.

2. Seibel V. B., Malyshkina L. P.. The world health organization and the eradication of infectious diseases in the world. // Problems of Virology: journal. – Moscow: "Medicine", Institute of poliomyelitis and viral encephalitis them. M. P. Chumakov. The Russian Academy of medical Sciences, 2005. – Vol. 50, No. 3. – ISSN 0507-4088.