Diagnosis of scoliosis by Cobb and Chalino

In the quest to define scoliosis, one is confronted with some controversial methods. They have a right to exist, so as to establish lateral curvature of the spine in the early stages – so as to prevent severe complications (paralysis, urogenital pathology, disability).

How to define scoliosis by the external signs

Methods for determination of scoliosis

In the home, you can even determine the degree of pathology, but the exact diagnosis is established only after the radiography of the vertebral column in the lateral plane (Cobb technique). The doctor on examination the patient will collect the anamnesis, will determine the degree of curvature, identify comorbidities and will choose the best treatment option.

Diagnosis of the frontal curvature of the spine physician includes two important stages: the external examination and history taking.

Additionally apply:

  • Radiography
  • Discography
  • Spinal puncture
  • Magnetic resonance and computed tomography
  • electron microscopy
  • Cystoscopically the study of tissues.

To define scoliosis by Chalino using radiography, there must be a preparation for bowel cleansing (reception activated carbon, fortrans, espumizan 2 days before the study). Images are held in an upright position of the patient.

scoliosis Diagnosis for ChalinoSet the degree and type of curvature (S-shaped and C-shaped scoliosis) is carried out according to the following guidelines:

  • Are the horizontal lines parallel to the vertebral end plates of the vertebrae at the upper and lower curvatures;
  • To these benchmarks are drawn perpendiculars, which intersect each other;
  • In the region of intersection is formed an angle which reflects the degree of lateral displacement.

On the basis of radiographs allocate 4 degree of pathology:

  1. up to 10%;
  2. angle of up to 25%;
  3. angle of up to 40%
  4. angle exceeds 40%.

Discography – x-ray research technique, involving the introduction of contrast medium into the venous system of the spine. The pictures clearly display the status of the blood supply in the study area. When intervertebral hernia blood vessels will circumnavigate the education that allows you to visually assess the size and shape of the protrusions.

A lumbar puncture is carried out with 3 and 4 degrees of scoliosis to determine the presence of blood and leukocytes. If the pathological changes in the spinal fluid need surgery to prevent paralysis (immobilization of the limbs).

Magnetic resonance and computed tomography is the leading technique for diagnosis of pathologic changes of the spinal column. The equipment to perform these studies are similar in appearance. It is a tunnel, into which the investigated and the external diagnostic system. The difference between them lies in the fact method.

The Principle of magnetic resonance research is based on the fact that under the action of the magnetic field of the body's cells begin to oscillate and produce pulses that are registered by the instrument.

Computed tomography – x-ray method, when the radiating head moves in a spiral. It is located in the diagnostic system.

electron microscopy and histochemical examination of tissue is performed only after sampling of the material from the injury area. For scoliosis these procedures are performed in cases of suspected herniated disc or the presence of pathological formation.

the Definition of scoliosis on the radiograph

Interview in the diagnosis of lateral spinal deformity

Patient interview (history taking) is the first step in diagnosis of the disease. With its help, the doctor determines heredity (if relatives), bad habits of the patient, secondary disease.

What history suggests hereditary causes lateral curvature of the spine:

  • bone Diseases in relatives
  • Rickets among family members;
  • Congenital disorder of the internal organs of the patient.

patient

Physical examination of the patient's torso in this disease are the following symptoms:

  • deformity of the vertebral axis to the right or left;
  • the Presence of pigmented spots on the skin;
  • Numerous punctate hemorrhage (telangiectasia);
  • Skin growths and scars inverted
  • Excessive body hair in certain areas of the skin.

Age spots and knots on the skin of the upper extremities are caused by violation of the innervation in the infringement of the nerve root between the vertebrae (compression syndrome). Excess body hair in atypical places there for the same reason.

A Lateral curvature when viewed from the patient's manifest violation of the triangles waist. They becomeuneven. Them less noticeable asynchrony at the cervicothoracic and upper thoracic curvature of the spine. When data forms triangles waist smoothed the shift down subcutaneous fat.

When deformities of the upper spine reads:

  • the location of the shoulder girdle at various levels;
  • the Offset and divergence of the blades to the sides;
  • chest Deformity
  • Vertebral hump on his back;
  • the location of the Stair edges.

The Spinal hump is not a specific sign of scoliosis. It is more typical for kyphoscoliotic deformation of the spine ( posterior displacement and lateral plane).

examination of a young patient with the diagnosis of scoliosis

a Few home tests for independent use

Usually, a doctor patients with scoliosis treated with the presence of pain or severe external deformity of the body. At this stage it is difficult to return the vertebral axis physiological position. Not to start a pathology recommend home test for scoliosis:

  • Stand in front of the mirror to the wall and touch her neck, shoulder girdle, buttocks and heels;
  • Socks the toes spread to the sides;
  • Review the external markers of spinal curvature.

The Main external signs of scoliosis arc:

  • the Location of the shoulders at different levels;
  • Lifting out of the corner of one of the blades;
  • Different length at a distance from the waist pressed to the body of the hands;
  • Asymmetrical in the horizontal plane the location of the ears (scoliosis of cervical spine);
  • the Appearance of abnormal curvature in the slope;
  • Deviation of the vertical axis of the body from the line (you can evaluate on a string with a load attached to the ceiling).

At least one of the above markers should consult a doctor.

The House of the people deciding how to identify scoliosis, can assess the health of the hidden presence of scoliosis. For this forefinger feel of the cervical region 1 cm below the border of his head. If the density of the tissues in this region varies on both sides, a high probability of scoliosis of the cervical spine.

Early detection of scoliosis allows to avoid serious consequences and even disability. Curvature grade 3 and 4 significant limits the functionality of the musculoskeletal system and internal organs. Better to practice prevention than to try to cure it.