Home / A description of the various diseases of the spinal cord / Polio: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, vaccination / Vaccination against polio in the form of drops and injections: instructions for and against, vaccination schedule, adverse reactions

Vaccination against polio in the form of drops and injections: instructions for and against, vaccination schedule, adverse reactions

An Effective method of protection against polio is a vaccine that make children from 3 months to 14 years. There are two types of it: polio drops (live vaccine) and inactivated vaccine. The importance of timely vaccinations for polio is that today it is the most effective way to protect the body from this disease affecting the lymphatic and Central nervous system. Of Contracting polio is most at risk small children under the age of 5 years. During the acute stage of this disease is the paralysis of the muscles and limbs, which continues to be localized at the top and becomes the cause of paralysis of the respiratory muscles. This often leads to death. Some patients through intensive therapy can restore lost function. Another part expects to complete paralysis and permanent disability. Only people vaccinated with a vaccine against this disease, you can recover quickly.

the Problem of polio

Why get vaccinated?

Polio is a result of the body attacks the virus that attacks the gray matter of the spinal cord. The period from infection to the patient preparational stage in just 6 days. During this time there may appear such symptoms as:

  • temperature
  • diarrhea;
  • convulsions
  • headache;
  • back pain
  • hypersensitivity.

The Period of beginning paralysis occurs after the temperature decline. In children there is blueness and freezing of extremities. On the background of tachycardia and instability of blood pressure can lead to death. Sometimes this may cause extensive brain damage that leads to stunted growth and deformities of limbs. In this case, only vaccinated on time against polio, can rescue from death.

Vaccination scheme

Today, as preventive measures, we apply a General vaccination of children aged from 3 months to 14 years age by a certain scheme.

Vaccination of children against polio
polio vaccines make the child in the amount of 6 doses of vaccine: 3, 4, 5, 18 months and 14 years of age. Common manual on vaccination can be done in combination with other. In the first 3, 4 months make inactivated vaccine – injection, in the rest of the assignment carried out oral (drops). If the child has no contraindications to the use of this type of vaccines, it is carried out according to the standard scheme. If due to illness of the child was disrupted vaccination schedule, then the child will need to receive 4 vaccines to 17 years 11 months and 29 days before the deadline. Minimum interval since the last vaccine should be 1 month between 1 and 2, 2 and 3 doses, between 3 and 4 months.

What is OPW?

Oral vaccine (OPV) is a pink color drops with a slightly salty aftertaste. Kids this vaccine is instilled with a syringe without needle or with the help of a dropper. Older children the vaccine is instilled on the tonsils, as there is a zone of formation of immunity. This is the most convenient way of injection, since the vaccine does not irritate taste buds and not tangible in this regard, for the taste. The child is not swallowing. Otherwise, in swallowing the saliva with the vaccine it enters the stomach and dissolves there. In this case, the effect is lost. If the baby is a result of an unpleasant taste of the vaccine is spit up, give him another dose a month later. After vaccination within the hour.

The guidelines on conducting the oral vaccine provides the dosage of the drug depending on its concentration at 2 and 4 drops.

Inactivated poliovirus vaccine

This type of vaccination involves the introduction of different schemes of immunization, and instead of the injection.

Increasing the temperature at vaccination for polio
IPV is not required to adhere to strict restrictions since its introduction in drinking and eating. The product has a manual, a special packaging immediately in syringes of 0.5 ml. This vaccine is given to children up to 1.5 years in the region under the shoulder blade or subcutaneously in the thigh part intramuscularly. After one and a half years – in the shoulder. This form of grafting is the first course of 2 or 3 doses with an interval of 1.5 or 2 months. Children who have good immunity do 2 shots. Weakened children, suffering from chronic ailments, after surgery for spleen to form a stable immune system, administered 3 primary inactivated vaccines. The first revaccination is carried out through the year, the next 5 years.

This kind of vaccine more convenient, because you cannot regurgitate into the baby's body receives the exact dosage. You need to study the manual that informs about all kinds of side effects that need to be done. In the case of this grafting can occurredness and swelling at the injection site, Allergy.

Possible adverse reactions

generally at any age after polio reactions can be quite different.


To date, no reported cases where was observed the side effects. The norm is the increase in body temperature to 37.5°C in the period of time from 5 days to 2 weeks. The vaccine can cause disorder of the gastrointestinal tract on day 2 after vaccination. This reaction is not a complication. If the children had been vaccinated at the period when his illness was weakened immune system, the vaccine can have side effects in the form of development of vaccine-associated polio. In such a case may appear typical polio and even in the severe paralytic form. This reaction in children is extremely rare.

The Norm is considered with the introduction of inactivated vaccines small amount of swelling at the injection site.

The Vaccine has a different reaction in children, associated with malaise, which manifests itself in increased body temperature and appetite. When observing your child has an allergic reaction it is possible to speak about occurrence of complications and you need to urgently seek help from doctors.

Contraindications

There are a number of contraindications, due to which doctors may be denied vaccination.

Vaccination against polio cannot be or is made a special way when observing some of the factors:

  1. Acute infectious diseases or viral infections catarrhal nature. Only after removing the complex of symptoms – temperature and inflammation – can be vaccinated.
  2. the presence of exacerbated chronic diseases. In this case, to avoid side reactions, doctors recommend to wait for remission.
  3. If the previous vaccination is an allergic reaction or a person is prone to vaccine-related complications, vaccination against polio he can have a different schema.
  4. Pregnant women can enter only the live vaccine.
  5. In primary immunodeficiency States, HIV infections, while antibiotic therapy and when steroid therapy is prohibited to make oral polio vaccines in connection with reduced immune status. Under these diagnoses may experience a reaction in which the condition of the protective properties of the organism may fall to a minimum.
  6. Inactivated vaccine is prohibited for those who have allergic reactions to Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Streptomycin.

Group risk

In Addition to the positive features of vaccination against poliomyelitis has its drawbacks. If the child is suffering from immunodeficiency disorders will come into contact with someone recently vaccinated by oral polio vaccine, he can get a complication of vaccine-associated polio, which can lead to paralysis.

In connection with such possible reaction doctors do not recommend to drive the child to school for 2 months. In addition, there is a group of people who have an increased risk of developing polio due to the activities or characteristics of the organism. These include people who frequently travel around the world, especially in countries where recorded outbreak: Pakistan, Nigeria, Afghanistan. Also at risk are laboratory technicians, who carry out the work with the polio virus, contact with sick doctors. If for any reason the man hadn't been vaccinated against polio, schedule for the introduction of vaccines for him is constructed as follows: first dose of drive at any time, the second – after 1-2 months, the third after 6-12 months. Adult, child received 1 or 2 doses of vaccine, the same amount of gets and in the new scheme. Those who did in childhood more than 3 vaccinations, a second one-time vaccination.