Symptoms, specific diagnosis and treatment, the incidence of vaccine-associated polio

vaccine-associated poliomyelitis (VAP) is a possible complication after vaccination against polio. Intake of oral polio vaccine (OPV) is carried out by instillation of 2 drops with a live polio virus in the oral cavity. Vaccination with IPV (inactivated polio vaccine), the risk of developing VAP is completely absent. For children, IPV vaccinated according to vaccination calendar, an additional booster vaccination with OPV is absolutely safe.

This measure is necessary to interrupt circulation of the virus in an epidemic of polio. After the use of IPV in the intestine is not formed local immunity after OPV. When backfilling the virus enters into the intestine, where it circulates. The vaccine strain does not cause the disease and develops immunity to polio.

There is a possibility that in time the IPV vaccinated child is a carrier of the virus and thus its distributor. The risks of getting sick by yourself is negligible.

After administration of OPV the child while spreading a live virus. Theoretically, this creates a risk of polio for not completely vaccinated children. Statistically, it is 1 case per million vaccinations 7-14. Polio – a disease of dirty hands, which in most cases occurs in children of preschool age. At observance of rules of personal hygiene the risk of infection is significantly reduced.

Recommendations before OPV

The Development of VAP is possible 1 child out of 3 million children not previously vaccinated with IPV.

To Avoid the occurrence of VAP is possible, adhering to these rules:

1. the Use of OPV to a child older than 2 months may not be earlier than 2 weeks after the prior vaccination IPV. This measure will enable the body to produce sufficient to prevent VAP the immune system.
2. vaccine OPV is unacceptable to children whose mothers are expecting a baby, so as not to trigger the development of fetal defects or hereditary diseases.
3. Before the OPV after the examination by a pediatrician to detect possible contraindications.
4. Burying the OPV to children under one year old has some nuances. If the child threw up, receiving the vaccine again. In the event of a second vomiting of the procedure can be carried out not earlier than a month and a half.
5. After taking the OPV not to eat and drink within the hour in order to preserve the vaccine with the tonsils.
6. OPV Vaccination is for children up to the age of 14.
7. OPV are highly sensitive to temperature increase. Therefore, each vial of vaccine is marked with a temperature sensor, which is carried out by visual inspection of the suitability of the drug.
8. If children is clearly expressed symptoms of cold or other viral, bacterial infections and exacerbation of chronic diseases, the OPV to drip it is impossible to significantly improve the health status.

But even in the case of violation of some item, the development of VAP is not required. Increased risk of adverse reactions. Even an incomplete course of vaccination against polio helps produce immunity sufficient to protect the body against the causative agent of the disease for some time.

But to provide long-term immunity required complete routine vaccination of the child.

VAPP the Symptoms and treatment

Vaccineassociated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is a very rare but serious complication of vaccination with OPV, proceeds on the same principle as the paralytic form of polio. The symptoms appear on wapp 4-30 days after vaccination with OPV and did not differ from clinical symptoms of paralytic polio. In children who had direct contact with an OPV vaccinated child, the incubation period may last 60 days. The first signs of APP:

• headache;
• vomiting
• fatigue
• fever
• pain in the limbs.

This is followed by the development of flaccid paralysis, most often of the extremities. Within 2 months the muscles begin to recover. Full recovery is possible after a few months, and sometimes years. It is likely that full recovery of motor activity did not occur. Due to paralysis of the respiratory muscles may be fatal. Treatment VAPP foresees the implementation of such measures:

• the patient was isolated in an infectious Department of a hospital;
• complete disinfection of the place of residence of the patient;
• bed rest
• with the defeat of respiratory muscles provided for the ventilation of the lungs;
• of antivirals in VAPP does not exist, treatment is aimed at relieving severe symptoms;
• massage, exercise therapy, physical therapy and water treatments;
• patient can be discharged not earlier than 40 days.

VAP most Often develops in children with HIV, leukemia, immunodeficiency diseases, defects or severe diseases of the intestines and stomach. In healthy children the development of VAP has not been seen previously.

with respectto the virus of poliomyelitis occurred almost unique situation: medicines for effective treatment of the disease and VAP not, but there is an effective method of prevention – vaccination. The likelihood of APP – the only drawback of OPV.